parkinson disease
Parkinson's disease research has expanded from symptomatic management (dopaminergic drugs, DBS) toward neuroprotective and disease-modifying strategies targeting alpha-synuclein aggregation β€” the protein implicated in Lewy body pathology. Prodromal biomarker studies now aim to identify patients years before motor symptoms appear, when intervention may be most effective.
Trials test alpha-synuclein antibodies (prasinezumab, cinpanemab), GBA1 gene therapy, adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS), GLP-1 agonists (liraglutide, semaglutide), and nilotinib for neuroprotection. Skin biopsy and cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein assays are emerging as enrollment biomarkers.
Disease-modifying trials often restrict enrollment to early-stage patients (Hoehn & Yahr 1–2.5) within a few years of diagnosis to capture sufficient disease duration for benefit detection.