NCT02670707 Vinblastine/Prednisone Versus Single Therapy With Cytarabine for Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH)

Eligibility & Interventions

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You will actively receive the study intervention — which may be a drug, biologic, device, or procedure.

Phase 3 trials are large pivotal studies comparing the treatment to current standard of care or placebo. Your participation directly contributes to the evidence needed for regulatory approval.

This trial targets 124 participants in total. It began in 2016-03-07 with a primary completion date of 2027-01.

Brief Summary

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a type of cancer that can damage tissue or cause lesions to form in one or more places in the body. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a cancer that begins in LCH cells (a type of dendritic cell which fights infection). Sometimes there are mutations (changes) in LCH cells as they form. These include mutations of the BRAF gene. These changes may make the LCH cells grow and multiply quickly. This causes LCH cells to build up in certain parts of the body, where they can damage tissue or form lesions. For most patients with LCH, standard-of-care vinblastine/prednisone are used as front-line therapy while cytarabine therapy has been used as therapy for patients who develop recurrence. No alternate treatment strategy has been developed for frontline therapy in LCH. The purpose of this research study is to compare previously used vinblastine/prednisone to single therapy with cytarabine for LCH. We will evaluate the utility of an imaging study called a positron emission tomography (PET) scan to more accurately assess areas of LCH involvement not otherwise seen in other imaging studies as well as response to therapy. We also want to identify if genetic and other biomarkers (special proteins in patient's blood and in patient's cancer) relate to the response of patients LCH to study treatment.

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patient must have biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. 2. Patient must be between 0-21 years of age. 3. Patient must have a Karnofsky performance score ≥ 50% or Lansky performance score ≥ 50%. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patient may not have received any prior systemic cytotoxic or other chemotherapies for LCH or any other malignant disorder prior to the initiation of protocol therapy on TXCH LCH0115 with the exception of: Steroid pretreatment: Systemic glucocorticosteroids (prednisone, methylprednisone, dexamethasone, etc.) for less than or equal to 120 hours (5 days) in the 7 days prior to initiating protocol therapy or for less than or equal to 336 hours (14 days) in the 28 days before the initiation of protocol therapy does not affect eligibility. The dose of steroid previously given does not affect eligibility. Patients who have only received surgical or radiation therapy, intralesional injection of steroids, inhalational steroids, systemic mineralocorticoids (hydrocortisone), or topical steroids may also be enrolled. 2. Patient may not have disease limited to a single skin or bone site, with the following exceptions: * Central Nervous System (CNS) risk lesions/special site disease: patients with single bone sites that are CNS-risk (sphenoid, mastoid, orbital, zygomatic, ethmoid, maxillary, or temporal bones, the cranial fossa, pituitary gland or neurodegenerative disease) or are "special sites" (odontoid peg, vertebral lesion with intraspinal soft tissue extension) require systemic therapy as standard of care and thus are eligible for the study. * Functionally critical lesions: A single lesion not described above which may cause "functionally critical anatomic abnormality" wherein attempts at local therapy (such as surgical curettage or radiation) would cause unacceptable morbidity. These patients may be enrolled with written approval of the Coordinating Center PI or Vice-Chair and documentation of the rationale justifying systemic therapy. * Asynchronous multisite LCH presentation: A patient may also have any single site of disease involvement at the time of enrollment if they previously had at least one other site of LCH disease in the past (which may have been treated with local therapy/surgery as described), as long as no systemic therapy was previously given per protocol guidelines. 3. Patient may not have severe renal disease (creatinine greater than 3 times normal for age OR creatinine clearance \< 50 ml/m2/1.73m\^2). 4. Patient may not have severe hepatic disease (direct bilirubin greater than 3 mg/dl OR aspartate aminotransferase (AST) greater than 500 IU/L), unless hepatic injury is due to LCH. 5. Female patients may not be pregnant or breastfeeding. 6. Patients of reproductive potential not willing to use an adequate method of birth control for the duration of the study. 7. Patients who are HIV positive may not be enrolled. NOTE: Patients excluded for laboratory abnormalities or performance score only may be enrolled on the study with written approval from the Coordinating Center PI or Vice-Chair.

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