Trial Parameters
Brief Summary
The proposed research, which will systematically and comprehensively characterize the withdrawal among daily vapers compared to daily smokers of combustible cigarettes, filling critical gaps in the understanding of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) dependence/abuse liability and contributing to the development of therapies for tobacco/nicotine use, the leading preventable cause of death in the US.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: * 6+ months of daily/near-daily nicotine vaping and/or cigarette smoking (to yield 160 vapers, 160 smokers, 50 dual users) * 200+ ng/mL cotinine on a commercially-available quick screen Current Exclusion Criteria: * intention to quit daily/near-daily vaping/smoking in the next month * current (2+ days out of the past 7) use of pipe tobacco, hookah/shisha, smokeless tobacco, dissolvable tobacco, nicotine pouches. For vaping group only, current (2+ days out of past 7) use of cigars, cigarillos, or filtered cigars that are filled with tobacco or a mix of tobacco and marijuana * current use of any smoking cessation medication * current severe substance dependence other than tobacco/nicotine (including cannabis; NIDA Modified ASSIST of 27+) * current (past 2 weeks) suicidal ideation with intent and/or plan * current antipsychotic medications or lifetime history of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder * pregnancy (intake urine screen) Original Exclusion Criteria that have be