Trial Parameters
Brief Summary
The overall objective of this study is to examine the physiological responses that occur during a hot flush in postmenopausal women. The following specific aims will be executed to reach the overall objective of this study. Aim 1: To determine if hot flushes can be reliably induced with a temperature-controlled, water- circulating (TCWC) heating pad. Based on previous research, the investigators hypothesize that hot flushes will be inducible with the TCWC in symptomatic women, but not in asymptomatic women. Aim 2: To determine if heat-induced hot flushes in symptomatic women will cause reproducible cardiovascular and respiratory responses. The investigators hypothesize that heat-induced hot flushes produce similar and reproducible cardiovascular and respiratory responses to spontaneous hot flushes. Aim 3: To determine if body fat percentage influences hot flush severity or frequency during spontaneous or induced hot flushes. The investigators hypothesize that women with higher body fat have reduced hot flash severity and frequency.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: * Postmenopausal (may have or may not have hot flushes) * Have not started hormone therapy and/or will discontinue hormone therapy for the duration of the study Exclusion Criteria: * Reported nicotine/tobacco use within the last six months * Diabetic or asthmatic * Diagnosed significant carotid stenosis * History of significant autonomic dysfunction, heart disease, respiratory disease, or severe neurologic condition such as stroke or traumatic brain injury * Existing metabolic or endocrine abnormalities * Use of heart/blood pressure medications that are determined to interfere with study outcomes * Unwilling to discontinue use of OC (or other hormonal contraceptives, including intrauterine devices or contraceptive implants) and/or MHT * Pregnant or breastfeeding * Unwilling or unable to refrain from consuming caffeine or alcohol in the 12 hours before visit two or three * Unwilling or unable to refrain from vigorous exercise (at least 10 minutes in duration) in the