This study investigates how the body uses energy and why weight gain occurs despite efforts to reduce calorie intake. Researchers will examine the different ways the body burns calories and how these processes interact with each other.
Key Objective: Understanding how energy compensation mechanisms work may help develop better strategies for preventing and treating obesity and related health conditions.
Who to Consider: Individuals interested in contributing to obesity research and understanding personal energy metabolism patterns may want to consider participating in this study.
Trial Parameters
Brief Summary
Excess energy, obesity and obesity-related diseases are important global health issues. Although it is known that obesity is an issue of energy balance, the components of energy expenditure seem to be inter-related in complex non-additive ways. The aim of this study is to explore the downstream impacts of exercise on short term changes in both expenditure and energy intake. The primary question the investigators are asking is whether moderate to high intensity exercise influences the basal energy expenditure and/or energy intake/macronutrient preference in young adult males? (A similar study will be performed on females in a different registration). The investigators will use a specially designed feeding table to measure energy intake and macronutrient intake, which is easy to quantify intake compensation. Basal metabolism will be measured by hood indirect calorimetry. The investigators will explore the factors that influence the level of compensation in expenditure and intake, in particular body composition. Participants will be asked to come to the lab after 10 hours fast for body composition tests including Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DXA), Magnetic Resonance Image(MRI) and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis(BIA). They will then be asked (not) to do 30 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous exercise after an energy-limiting breakfast, during which metabolic rate levels and changes in dietary composition will be recorded by gas exchange and standardized buffet. In addition, participants' subjective hunger and preferences will also be recorded by questionnaires. Venous blood will be collected to measure metabolic and hormone factors, blood glucose will be measured by Continuous Blood Glucose Monitor (CGM).
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy adults (men) * 18-40 years old * BMI (body mass index)≥18.5 kg/m2 Exclusion Criteria: * Those who have undergone surgery in the past 6 months. * People are requiring long-term medication. * People have metabolic diseases, like diabetes, hypoglycemia, gout, osteoporosis, et al. * People have digestive diseases, like gastric ulcer, pancreatitis, Intestinal obstruction, et al. * People have sports injury, like fracture, Joint injury, et al. * Those who have recently lost weight for various medical reasons (e.g. cancer, etc.). * People are losing weight by tablets. * People are suffering from infectious diseases (e.g. HIV, etc.) * People have blood phobia, pathological hypo or hyper tension. * People with impaired glucose tolerance. * Those who are afflicted with claustrophobia.