Restoration of Consciousness With Ultrasonic Deep Brain Stimulation During Anesthetic Sedation
Trial Parameters
Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to see if mental functions take place during different levels of anesthesia using two commonly used drug (propofol and dexmedetomidine) and will include low-intensity focused ultrasound pulsation (LIFUP) to stimulate specific areas of the brain while undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI or "brain imaging"), which shows areas in the brain involved in thinking at different depths of anesthesia. That is, ultrasound is being used to stimulate the brain and multiple pictures will be taken of the brain. As a result of this study, we expect to gain a deeper understanding of mental function during different levels of anesthesia, and to evaluate if the use of ultrasonic brain stimulation accelerates return to consciousness.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy study participants with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification System-1 status * The participants will be right-handed adults * Body mass index (BMI) less than 30. * All subjects will be English speakers. Exclusion Criteria: * Medical contraindication to MRI scanning; are unable to undergo MRI scanning because of possible pregnancy or currently breastfeeding, * BMI\>30, * metallic substances in the body, claustrophobia, anxiety, or cardiopulmonary disease; or have an intracranial structural abnormality on T1-weighted MRI scans. * History of allergy to propofol, dexmedetomidine, any components of propofol or dexmedetomidine, eggs or egg products, soybean or soybean products, * Neurological, cardiovascular, or pulmonary illness; * Significant head injury with loss of consciousness; * Learning disability or other developmental disorder; sleep apnea or any severe snoring history; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or hea