Response Of Arteriovenous Fistula Puncture-related Pain To Cryotherapy Application In Haemodialysis Patients
Trial Parameters
Brief Summary
Kidney disease occurs when kidney reduces its normal function, less than 30% of normal activity is related to a long-term condition. Therefore, people need to participate in a haemodialysis (HD) programme. In HD, blood is filtered by an external machine, done about three times a week and the access is gained through intermittent vascular cannulation. The patients experience considerable pain due to the frequent insertion of AVF catheters. Hemodialysis patients experience anxiety before needle insertion due to repeated punctures, and over 90% of patients experience acute pain during the process. Puncture-related pain during arteriovenous fistula (AVF) cannulation in particular is a crucial influential factor in quality of life. Cryotherapy is one of the interventions used in several studies to alleviate the arteriovenous fistula puncture-related pain. It can be conduct by using ice packs and the results of the previous studies have also shown its positive effects on the relief of the fistula puncture-related pain in these patients.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: * The study includes patients with ages from 30 to 50 years. * Patients able to report pain adequately. * Patients with end-stage kidney failure undergoing regular hemodialysis who have been treated for more than 3 months, at least twice per week, with arteriovenous fistula in use for more than 1 month are included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Patients with conditions such as * advanced age, * advanced diabetes, * cardiovascular insufficiency, * cold allergy, * Reynaud's phenomenon, * nerve and tissue damage, * fractures, * heart failure, * uncooperative patients, * cognitive impairment preventing a proper assessment of pain.