NCT06720818 Mucosal Associated Invariant T Cell During Viral Pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Eligibility & Interventions

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What to Expect as a Participant

This is an observational study. You will not receive an experimental treatment; researchers will collect data based on your existing condition or standard treatment.

This trial targets 150 participants in total. It began in 2025-05-05 with a primary completion date of 2029-02.

Brief Summary

Viral pneumonia, including SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (IAV), can culminate in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a severe form of respiratory failure with high mortality. Uncontrolled local inflammatory response and impaired tissue repair are hallmarks of ARDS. However, lack of in-depth understanding of the immunopathology lead to limited identification of potential 'endotypes' who may benefit from individualized targeted therapies. Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells represent a peculiar lineage of T cells with a wide panel of effector functions. Thus, they emerge as potential key players and appealing targets in ARDS through their potent abilities to modulate immune response at barrier sites and promote tissue repair. Recent data from the investigators and others indicated that MAIT cells are highly activated in patients with Sars-Cov-2 and IAV ARDS, but the associated activation mechanisms and precise functions remain unknown. In this context, the investigators aim at investigating the implication and potential harnessing of MAIT cells in severe viral pneumonias and associated ARDS by with a dedicated clinical study. First, the investigators will perform a comprehensive and longitudinal phenotyping of immune response during viral pneumonia-induced ARDS, including MAIT cells, in blood -and airway compartment for mechanically ventilated patients. To provide more insight into specificity of virally induced pneumonia and ARDS, longitudinal phenotyping of immune response of patients with bacterial pneumonia, and control patients with unrelated ARDS (severe trauma, pancreatitis or major surgery) will also be performed.

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years * Patients admitted to critical care (Intensive Care Unit, Continuous Monitoring Unit, Intensive Care Unit) at the CHRU de Tours * Patients admitted to critical care for one of the following reasons: * Acute community-acquired pulmonary infection (pneumonia), * Severe acute pancreatitis, with onset of ARDS criteria less than 48 hours ago, * Severe isolated head injury requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, * Severe burn defined by a burned surface area exceeding 20% and/or deep lesions exceeding 3% of the total body surface area, with the onset of ARDS criteria less than 48 hours ago, * Patient admitted to Intensive Care Medicine, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, * Patient admitted to cardiac surgery for scheduled surgery for valve replacement and/or coronary artery bypass grafting, with inclusion the day before surgery, Non-inclusion criteria : * Patients with severe immunosuppression (impairing the ability to analyse the immune response, particularly T lymphocytes): active haematological malignancy, solid organ transplantation or bone marrow transplantation, systemic immunosuppressive treatment, ongoing chemotherapy (including immune checkpoint inhibitors). * Person who has objected to data processing * Patient under guardianship or curatorship

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