Motion and Electromyographic Analysis of the Forehand Topspin, Forehand Stroke, and Forehand Attack in Elite Table Tennis Players
Trial Parameters
Brief Summary
This research will analyze and compare the muscle activation levels, muscle recruitment timing, trunk kinematics, and shoulder joint kinematics between the three forehand strokes and between elite table tennis players with and without shoulder injuries, providing insights for daily training and rehabilitation programs to reduce the occurrence of sports injuries.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: * The ages range from 18 to 40 years old * Competed in the Chinese Taipei Table Tennis Ranking Tournament or the National Table Tennis Championships within the past three years * At least four years of table tennis experience, and train for more than 10 hours per week Exclusion Criteria: * History of upper limb surgery or fracture * History of shoulder dislocation * History of spine injury in the last year * Systemic autoimmune disease or cancer * Pregnancy * Any neurological complications