Trial Parameters
Brief Summary
This observational study aims to investigate the association between preoperative GDF-15 levels and early postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. The study will evaluate whether elevated preoperative GDF-15 levels are associated with adverse early outcomes, including postoperative complications and mortality. The findings may help improve preoperative risk assessment and identify high-risk patients before LVAD implantation.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:Adults aged 18 years and older Patients with advanced heart failure undergoing LVAD implantation Availability of preoperative GDF-15 measurement Ability to provide written informed consent or consent provided by a legally authorized representative, according to local regulations - Exclusion Criteria:Age under 18 years Active infection Active malignancy Severe hepatic failure Missing study data Refusal to participate \-