Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Greater Auricular Nerve Block in Preventing Postoperative Emergence Agitation in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Microscopic Middle Ear Surgery.
Trial Parameters
Brief Summary
This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided greater auricular nerve block (GAN) on the reduction of emergence agitation (EA) occurrence and EA severity in children who are receiving general anesthesia for a microscopic middle ear operation.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 5 and 14 years (preschool to early school age group at highest risk for EA). * ASA physical status I or II. * Scheduled for elective microscopic middle ear surgery under general anesthesia (e.g., tympanoplasty, myringoplasty). * Ability to comply with FLACC and PAED scoring during postoperative period. * Informed consent obtained from a parent or legal guardian. Exclusion Criteria: * Known neurological, developmental, or psychiatric disorders (e.g., autism, ADHD, seizure disorder). * Known hypersensitivity to amide local anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine, bupivacaine). * Skin infection, hematoma, or trauma at or near the proposed block site. * Non-elective (emergency) or combined surgeries. * Inability to assess pain or agitation due to hearing loss, or communication impairment. * Parental or legal guardian refusal to participate.