Effect of Breast Milk Circadian Properties on Infant's Growth Parameters and Absorption of Nutrients
Trial Parameters
Brief Summary
The most ideal method for providing breast milk is breastfeeding. However, it may be necessary to express breast milk for reasons such as the newborn being in an intensive care unit, the mother being hospitalized for any reason, or the mother starting to work. The content of breast milk varies according to gestational age and stages of lactation. However, it varies from day to day depending on the infant's needs. In recent literature, it is emphasized that the content of breast milk (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, trace elements, etc.) varies according to circadian variation. In the literature review, no national or international study was found indicating whether the circadian properties of breast milk have an effect on the infant's growth parameters. This study was designed as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effect of the circadian properties of breast milk on the growth parameters of the infant and the absorption levels of nutrients by the baby in preterm newborns. no effect on the infant's growth parameters and nutrient absorption levels by the infant. Hypothesis 1 (H1): Feeding preterm newborns with breast milk according to the circadian rhythm has an effect on the weight of the infants. Hypothesis 2 (H2): Feeding preterm newborns with breast milk according to the circadian rhythm has an effect on the height of the infants. Hypothesis 3 (H3): Feeding preterm newborns with breast milk according to the circadian rhythm has an effect on the head circumference of the infants. Hypothesis 4 (H4): Feeding preterm newborns with breast milk according to the circadian rhythm has an effect on the absorption levels of vitamins and trace elements measured in the infants' breast milk.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: * The mother is healthy (without a history of preeclampsia, hypertension, diabetes, hepatitis B or C, HIV, tuberculosis, mastitis or oncological disease) * The mother's birth is 32-34 between weeks of gestation * The mother does not follow a special diet * The mother is not a vegetarian * The mother does not smoke * The mother must have a body mass index within normal limits (BMI = 18.50-24.99) (WHO, 2022b) * Income must be at or above the monthly minimum wage * The mother cannot breastfeed her baby and routinely expresses her own milk every three hours. * The mother expresses her milk with a milking machine (milking will be done with the same brand device and the same level of suction power). * The baby is in the neonatal intensive care unit * Feeding the infant by gavage and oral method \*In order for the preterm newborn to be fed effectively and safely orally, it is necessary for the preterm baby to be able to coordinate sucking-swallowing as well as breathing (T