Trial Parameters
Brief Summary
This is a prospective observational study evaluating perioperative diaphragmatic function by ultrasonography in children aged 1-12 years undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. Participants will be classified preoperatively based on the parent-completed Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). Children with suspected obstructive sleep apnea syndrome who are scheduled for adenotonsillectomy will form the study group, while children without clinical findings suggestive of obstructive sleep apnea who are scheduled for elective non-airway-related otolaryngologic surgeries will serve as controls. Diaphragm ultrasound assessments will be performed before and after surgery in the supine position during spontaneous breathing. Measurements will include diaphragmatic thickness at end-inspiration and end-expiration, diaphragmatic thickening fraction, and diaphragmatic excursion during quiet and deep breathing. The primary objective is to compare diaphragmatic excursion and thickening fraction between groups. Secondary objectives include evaluating the association between perioperative respiratory parameters, postoperative recovery, and diaphragm ultrasound measures.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: * ASA physical status I-II * Children aged 1 to 12 years * Scheduled to undergo elective surgery under general anesthesia * Written informed consent obtained from parents or legal guardians * Availability of a completed pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) Exclusion Criteria: * Patients younger than 1 year or older than 12 years * Presence of a neuromuscular disease * Use of medications that may affect neuromuscular function * Diaphragmatic paralysis * ASA physical status III-IV * Refusal to participate in the study or failure to provide informed consent * Body mass index (BMI) \> 35 kg/m²