AI-Enabled Electrocardiogram-Guided Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy on Incident Left Ventricular Dysfunction: A Target Trial Emulation Study
Trial Parameters
Brief Summary
This multicenter retrospective study evaluates whether artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiography (AI-ECG) can identify individuals at high risk for left ventricular dysfunction and whether targeted guideline-directed medical therapy can mitigate subsequent risk. Using a large multicenter cohort of patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function, the investigators applied an AI-ECG-based risk stratification approach and emulated a target trial to examine the association between guideline-directed therapies and the risk of incident left ventricular functional decline.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: * With an ECG followed by an echocardiogram within a 90-day interval * With preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥ 50%) Exclusion Criteria: * missing essential variables or ECG lead data * any prior LVEF \< 50% * loss to follow-up or death during the 90-day assessment window