Trial Parameters
Brief Summary
Spinal cord injury leads to long-lasting impairment, and currently, there is no cure for paralysis. Although transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation has shown promising results in recovering lost movements, its poor selectivity in muscle recruitment compared to invasive approaches limits the type of rehabilitation exercises that can be practiced. This project studies how spatial, frequency, and amplitude control of stimulation can be used to selectively target different neural pathways and muscle groups.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age between 16 and 65 years. 2. Have a spinal cord injury (neurological level C3-T12) that occurred ≥1 year (chronic stage) prior to enrollment. 3. American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) classification C or D 4. Able to voluntarily contract (motor score ≥ 1) at least two leg muscles (visual or palpable contraction). 5. Use of prescription medication(s) for control of spasticity has not changed in the last 2 weeks 6. Able to provide consent 7. Ability to follow multiple instructions and communicate pain or discomfort Exclusion Criteria: 1. Progressive spinal lesions, including degenerative disorders of the spinal cord 2. Pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or currently breastfeeding 3. History of cardiopulmonary disease or cardiac symptoms 4. Implanted stimulators of any type (baclofen pump, epidural spinal stimulator, cardiac defibrillator, pace-maker, etc.) 5. Presence of orthopedic conditions that would negatively affect participati