Trial Parameters
Brief Summary
The present study is to develop the novel robotic surgical technique and enhance the surgery quality for the treatment of distal rectal cancer.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: * cT1-3 or yT 1-3 rectal adenocarcinoma whose low border was located below the anorectal sling (4 cm from anal verge), in which the required surgery meets the definition of ISR; * Clinically Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage I-III rectal adenocarcinoma; * Curative and elective surgery; * American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class Ⅰ to Ⅲ patients; * Age between 20 and 75 years. Exclusion Criteria: * cT4 adenocarcinoma, i.e., the rectal cancer invaded to external sphincter or adjacent pelvic organs; * Evidence of distant metastasis; * Primary tumor mass≧8 cm in diameter; * Morbidly obese patients, i.e., body mass index (BMI) ≧ 40 kg/m2 ; * Previous major surgery of low upper abdomen; * The adenocarcinoma has invaded to lateral pelvic side wall requiring a lateral pelvic lymph node dissection. (7) Patients with poor anorectal function (Wexner incontinence Score≧ 10)