Effect of Glycemic Control on Intraoperative NIRS and Postoperative Recovery in Diabetic Patients
Trial Parameters
Brief Summary
This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the effect of glycemic control level on intraoperative cerebral oxygenation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and postoperative recovery in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing elective urologic surgery under general anesthesia. Patients will be grouped according to HbA1c levels to assess the relationship between long-term glycemic control and intraoperative regional cerebral oxygen saturation, hemodynamic parameters, and postoperative recovery scores.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥18 years * Patients scheduled for elective urologic surgery under general anesthesia * ASA physical status I-III * Patients with diabetes mellitus or non-diabetic control patients * Availability of preoperative HbA1c measurement * Written informed consent obtained Exclusion Criteria: * Age \<18 years * ASA physical status \>III * Emergency surgery * History of cerebrovascular disease or neurological disorder * Previous brain or neurological surgery * Inability to communicate or refusal to participate * Intraoperative hemodynamic instability * Inadequate NIRS monitoring data