diabetes mellitus type 2 diabetes mellitus type 1
Diabetes clinical trials span both type 1 (autoimmune beta-cell destruction) and type 2 (insulin resistance) disease, with growing focus on the overlapping spectrum including latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and monogenic forms. Research priorities include beta-cell preservation in newly diagnosed type 1 patients, weight-loss-independent glucose control, and prevention of cardiovascular and renal complications.
Current trials evaluate GLP-1/GIP dual agonists (tirzepatide analogs), oral insulin formulations, closed-loop artificial pancreas systems, immunotherapy for type 1 delay, SGLT2 inhibitors in non-diabetic heart failure, and stem-cell-derived islet transplantation. Lifestyle intervention trials also remain an active category.
Many trials separate type 1 and type 2 cohorts; baseline HbA1c, duration of disease, and eGFR are common eligibility criteria.